Optimizing Beam Dynamics and Spectral Efficiency in umMIMO: A Study on 6G THz Networks with Varying Channels and Precoding Techniques

PDF (570KB), PP.66-76

Views: 0 Downloads: 0

Author(s)

Md. Mizanul Hoque 1,* A. H. M. Asadul Huq 2

1. Center for Higher Studies and Research, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh

2. Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

* Corresponding author.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2025.01.05

Received: 4 Aug. 2024 / Revised: 16 Sep. 2024 / Accepted: 18 Oct. 2024 / Published: 8 Feb. 2025

Index Terms

Ultra-Massive MIMO, THz Communication, Hybrid Beamforming, Equalizer

Abstract

This paper explores the potential of Ultra-Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (UM MIMO) systems as a key technology for 6G wireless communications within the Terahertz (THz) frequency band (0.1 – 10 THz). The THz spectrum offers immense capacity and speed advantages but presents significant challenges, such as higher propagation losses and limited coverage range due to atmospheric absorption and signals spreading. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of UM MIMO’s technical performance in overcoming these challenges, focusing on key metrics such as signal propagation, system capacity, and coverage range. Additionally, the research examines the optimization of beam dynamics and spectral efficiency in UM MIMO systems under various wireless channel conditions and precoding techniques. The findings highlight the importance of advanced antenna techniques and adaptive beam management in maximizing the efficiency and viability of 6G THz networks, positioning UM MIMO as a fundamental solution for next-generation wireless communication.

Cite This Paper

Md. Mizanul Hoque, A. H. M. Asadul Huq, "Optimizing Beam Dynamics and Spectral Efficiency in umMIMO: A Study on 6G THz Networks with Varying Channels and Precoding Techniques", International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies(IJWMT), Vol.15, No.1, pp. 66-76, 2025. DOI:10.5815/ijwmt.2025.01.05

Reference

[1]Chong Han and Ian F Akyildiz. Distance-aware bandwidth-adaptive resource allocation for wireless systems in the terahertz band. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 6(4):541–553, 2016.
[2]Shu Sun, Theodore S Rappaport, Mansoor Shafi, Pan Tang, Jianhua Zhang, and Peter J Smith. Propagation models and performance evaluation for 5g millimeter-wave bands. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 67(9):8422– 8439, 2018.
[3]P Jeyakumar, Elangeeran Malar, Neeraj Idnani, and P Muthuchidambaranathan. Large antenna array with hybrid beamforming system for 5g outdoor mobile broadband communication deployments. Wireless Personal Communi- cations, 120(3):2001–2027, 2021.
[4]Linglong Dai, Jingbo Tan, Zhi Chen, and H Vincent Poor. Delay-phase precoding for wideband thz massive mimo. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 21(9):7271–7286, 2022.
[5]Chong Han, Yongzhi Wu, Zhi Chen, and Xudong Wang. Terahertz communications (teracom): Challenges and impact on 6g wireless systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:1912.06040, 2019.
[6]Nhan Thanh Nguyen, Mengyuan Ma, Ortal Lavi, Nir Shlezinger, Yonina C Eldar, A Lee Swindlehurst, and Markku Juntti. Deep unfolding hybrid beamforming designs for thz massive mimo systems. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2023.
[7]Licheng Jiao, Yilin Shao, Long Sun, Fang Liu, Shuyuan Yang, Wenping Ma, Lingling Li, Xu Liu, Biao Hou, Xiangrong Zhang, et al. Advanced deep learning models for 6g: Overview, opportunities and challenges. IEEE Access, 2024.
[8]Ranjitham Govindasamy, Sathish Kumar Nagarajan, Jamuna Rani Muthu, and Purushothaman Annadurai. Deep optimized hybrid beamforming intelligent reflecting surface assisted um-mimo thz communication for 6g broad band connectivity. Telecommunication Systems, pages 1–16, 2024.
[9]Kaien Zhang, Yan Zhang, Cheng-Xiang Wang, Xiping Wu, and Chuan Du. A non-reciprocal channel model for thz asymmetric massive mimo systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2023.
[10]Yang Wang, Chuang Yang, and Mugen Peng. Hybrid precoding with low-resolution pss for wideband terahertz communication systems in the face of beam squint. arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.16303, 2024.
[11]Mostafa Zaman Chowdhury, Md Shahjalal, Shakil Ahmed, and Yeong Min Jang. 6g wireless communication sys- tems: Applications, requirements, technologies, challenges, and research directions. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 1:957–975, 2020.
[12]Chong Han, Longfei Yan, and Jinhong Yuan. Hybrid beamforming for terahertz wireless communications: Chal- lenges, architectures, and open problems. IEEE Wireless Communications, 28(4):198–204, 2021.
[13]Yanran Sun, Chuang Yang, and Mugen Peng. Subarray-based hybrid-field channel estimation for terahertz wideband um-mimo systems without prior location knowledge. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2023.
[14]Ibrahim Yildirim, Asil Koc, Ertugrul Basar, and Tho Le-Ngoc. Ris-aided angular-based hybrid beamforming design in mmwave massive mimo systems. In GLOBECOM 2022-2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference, pages 5267–5272. IEEE, 2022.
[15]Ahmet M Elbir, Kumar Vijay Mishra, and Symeon Chatzinotas. Terahertz-band joint ultra-massive mimo radar- communications: Model-based and model-free hybrid beamforming. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 15(6):1468–1483, 2021.
[16]H.M. Abidur Rahman, Foyjul Hasan, Md. Mizanul Hoque, Md. Mizanur Rahman, and Md. Waliur Rahman. Mc- cdma system for multi-user using walsh code on rayleigh fading channel. In 2021 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Communication Technology (ICEEICT), pages 1–5, 2021.
[17]Xianru Liu, Xueming Li, Shu Cao, Qingyong Deng, Rong Ran, Kien Nguyen, and Pei Tingrui. Hybrid precoding for massive mmwave mimo systems. IEEE Access, 7:33577–33586, 2019.
[18]Gerard J Foschini and Michael J Gans. On limits of wireless communications in a fading environment when using multiple antennas. Wireless personal communications, 6:311–335, 1998.
[19]Thomas L Marzetta, Erik G Larsson, and Thorkild B Hansen. Massive mimo and beyond. In Information Theoretic Perspectives on 5G Systems and Beyond. Cambridge University Press, 2020.
[20]Syed Junaid Nawaz, Shree Krishna Sharma, Babar Mansoor, Mohammad N Patwary, and Noor M Khan. Non- coherent and backscatter communications: Enabling ultra-massive connectivity in 6g wireless networks. IEEE Access, 9:38144–38186, 2021.
[21]Theodore S Rappaport, Yunchou Xing, Ojas Kanhere, Shihao Ju, Arjuna Madanayake, Soumyajit Mandal, Ahmed Alkhateeb, and Georgios C Trichopoulos. Wireless communications and applications above 100 ghz: Opportunities and challenges for 6g and beyond. IEEE access, 7:78729–78757, 2019.
[22]Simon Tarboush, Hadi Sarieddeen, Hui Chen, Mohamed Habib Loukil, Hakim Jemaa, Mohamed-Slim Alouini, and Tareq Y Al-Naffouri. Teramimo: A channel simulator for wideband ultra-massive mimo terahertz communications. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 70(12):12325–12341, 2021.
[23]Rui Xu, Steven Gao, Benito Sanz Izquierdo, Chao Gu, Patrick Reynaert, Alexander Standaert, Gregory J Gibbons, Wolfgang  Bo¨sch,  Michael  Ernst  Gadringer,  and  Dong  Li.   A  review  of  broadband  low-cost  and  high-gain  low- terahertz antennas for wireless communications applications. Ieee Access, 8:57615–57629, 2020.
[24]Konstantinos Dovelos, Michail Matthaiou, Hien Quoc Ngo, and Boris Bellalta. Channel estimation and hybrid combining for wideband terahertz massive mimo systems. IEEE Journal on selected Areas in communications, 39(6):1604–1620, 2021.
[25]Boyu Ning, Zhongbao Tian, Weidong Mei, Zhi Chen, Chong Han, Shaoqian Li, Jinhong Yuan, and Rui Zhang. Beamforming technologies for ultra-massive mimo in terahertz communications. IEEE Open Journal of the Com- munications Society, 4:614–658, 2023.
[26]Hang Yuan, Nan Yang, Kai Yang, Chong Han, and Jianping An. Hybrid beamforming for terahertz multi-carrier systems over frequency selective fading. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 68(10):6186–6199, 2020.
[27]Akram Shafie, Nan Yang, Chong Han, Josep Miquel Jornet, Markku Juntti, and Thomas Ku¨rner. Terahertz commu- nications for 6g and beyond wireless networks: Challenges, key advancements, and opportunities. IEEE Network, 37(3):162–169, 2022.
[28]Cen Lin and Geoffrey Ye Li. Adaptive beamforming with resource allocation for distance-aware multi-user indoor terahertz communications. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 63(8):2985–2995, 2015.
[29]Ku¨rs¸at Tekbıyık, Ali Rıza Ekti, Gu¨nes¸ Karabulut Kurt, and Ali Go¨rc¸in.  Terahertz band communication systems: Challenges, novelties and standardization efforts. Physical Communication, 35:100700, 2019.
[30]Ling Lyu, Xinping Guan, Nan Cheng, and Xuemin Sherman Shen. Advanced Wireless Technologies for Industrial Network Systems. Springer, 2023.
[31]Lu Zhang, Zefeng Chen, Hongqi Zhang, Zuomin Yang, Yixin Wu, Xiongbin Yu, Xiaodan Pang, Vjaceslavs Bobrovs, Oskars Ozolins, and Xianbin Yu. Hybrid fiber–thz fronthaul supporting up to 16384-qam-ofdm with the delta-sigma modulation. Optics letters, 47(17):4307–4310, 2022.
[32]Haijun Zhang, Haisen Zhang, Wei Liu, Keping Long, Jiangbo Dong, and Victor CM Leung. Energy efficient user clustering, hybrid precoding and power optimization in terahertz mimo-noma systems. IEEE Journal on selected areas in communications, 38(9):2074–2085, 2020.
[33]Weizheng Zhang, Wei Wang, and Wei Zhang. Channel training for ris-aided indoor terahertz mimo systems. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 12(8):1384–1388, 2023.
[34]Joa˜o Pedro  Pavia,  Vasco Velez,  Renato  Ferreira,  Nuno  Souto,  Marco Ribeiro,  Joa˜o Silva,  and  Rui Dinis.   Low complexity hybrid precoding designs for multiuser mmwave/thz ultra massive mimo systems. Sensors, 21(18):6054, 2021.
[35]P Jeyakumar, Arvind Ramesh, S Srinitha, V Vishnu, and P Muthuchidambaranathan. Wideband hybrid precoding techniques for thz massive mimo in 6g indoor network deployment. Telecommunication Systems, 79(1):71–82, 2022.
[36]Seungnyun Kim, Anho Lee, Hyungyu Ju, Khoa Anh Ngo, Jihoon Moon, and Byonghyo Shim. Transformer-based channel parameter acquisition for terahertz ultra-massive mimo systems. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technol- ogy, 72(11):15127–15132, 2023.
[37]Hadi Sarieddeen, Mohamed-Slim Alouini, and Tareq Y Al-Naffouri. An overview of signal processing techniques for terahertz communications. Proceedings of the IEEE, 109(10):1628–1665, 2021.
[38]Muhammad Zubair, Abdul Jabbar, Farooq A Tahir, Jalil ur Rehman Kazim, Masood Ur Rehman, Muhammad Imran, Bo Liu, and Qammer H Abbasi. A high-performance sub-thz planar antenna array for thz sensing and imaging applications. Scientific Reports, 14(1):17030, 2024.
[39]Sanjiv Kumar and PK Gupta. Performance analysis of rayleigh and rician fading channel models using matlab simulation. 2013.
[40]Andrew J Viterbi and Jim K Omura. Principles of digital communication and coding. Courier Corporation, 2009.
[41]Theodore S Rappaport. Wireless communications: principles and practice. Cambridge University Press, 2024.
[42]Annu Singh and Sunil Joshi. A survey on hybrid beamforming in mmwave massive mimo system. J Sci Res, 65(1):201–213, 2021.
[43]O Simeone, U Spagnolini, and Y Bar-Ness.   Linear and non-linear precoding/decoding for mimo systems using the fading correlation at the transmitter. In 2003 4th IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications-SPAWC 2003 (IEEE Cat. No. 03EX689), pages 6–10. IEEE, 2003.
[44]Zhipeng Lin, Tiejun Lv, Wei Ni, J Andrew Zhang, and Ren Ping Liu. Tensor-based multi-dimensional wideband channel estimation for mmwave hybrid cylindrical arrays. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 68(12):7608– 7622, 2020.
[45]Zhenyu Xiao, Zhu Han, Arumugam Nallanathan, Octavia A Dobre, Bruno Clerckx, Jinho Choi, Chong He, and Wen Tong. Antenna array enabled space/air/ground communications and networking for 6g. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 40(10):2773–2804, 2022.
[46]Shahid Hamid, Shakti Raj Chopra, Akhil Gupta, Sudeep Tanwar, Bogdan Cristian Florea, Dragos Daniel Taralunga, Osama Alfarraj, and Ahmed M Shehata. Hybrid beamforming in massive mimo for next-generation communication technology. Sensors, 23(16):7294, 2023.
[47]Foad Sohrabi and Wei Yu. Hybrid analog and digital beamforming for mmwave ofdm large-scale antenna arrays. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 35(7):1432–1443, 2017.
[48]Ali Raed Faisal, Fazirulhisyam Hashim, Nor Kamariah Noordin, Mahamod Ismail, and Abbas Jamalipour. Efficient beamforming and spectral efficiency maximization in a joint transmission system using an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm. Applied Soft Computing, 49:759–769, 2016.
[49]Feifei Gao, Bolei Wang, Chengwen Xing, Jianping An, and Geoffrey Ye Li. Wideband beamforming for hybrid massive mimo terahertz communications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 39(6):1725–1740.