In today's life, wireless networks (WNs) are being used very fast in every area. Wireless networks have been used in various applications, but finding some of its weaknesses, such as mobility, diversity, lack of resources and so on, finding an optimum route is very complex and problematic. By reducing the energy consumption on each node, the quality of the network can be ensured. Need to increase the battery life of the node to increase the network lifecycle. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption can extend the battery life of the node. To find and maintain routes between nodes, multi-path routing is a fundamental research issue for such networks. This paper discusses the zone-based routing protocol, which uses the energy, distance and power of the node to maintain high circulation and accelerate the path search process and maintain high search. The Zone-based Leader Selection Routing Protocol (ZBLE) is one of the new protocols, which is a modified form of the famous Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol (AOMDV). Zone Leader Node and Zone Members are selected using the value of energy, position and power of the node. The performance of the proposed communication protocol is evaluated with other existing protocols such as AODV and AOMDV. The simulation result is that when it receives the best path for data communication with proper energy conservation. Network simulator version 2.35 is used for simulation purpose. To support our ideas, we used the 5 quality of service parameters such as packet distribution ratio, energy consumption, network lifetime, and throughput.

Various wireless mobile nodes are simultaneously a network that does not depend on any central administration system. This kind of network is called Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Due to the nodes dependent on the battery in MANET, energy consumption has become a major problem. Because of the mobility of the nodes in the network, the nodes rapidly change their positions, causing the battery to end very quickly, thereby reducing the life of such a network. The main objective of this paper is to reduce energy consumption and increase the life of the network by modifying the AOMDV protocol using zone-based technology. Keeping this objective in mind, a zone-based protocol was developed which has been addressed in the name of Zone Based Leader Selection Protocol (ZBLE). This proposed protocol uses zone-based technology to select the path based on high energy and high power. For the data forward, selecting the Leader node in each zone, the best path is chosen based on the energy level of the node and the strength of the probe. The proposed protocol has been evaluated using Network Simulator version 2.35. Comparison of ZBLE, protocols the most popular protocols are from AODV and AOMDV. With the help of simulation results, we have used service parameters such as packet distribution ratio, energy consumption, network lifetime and throughput to tell the quality of the proposed protocol

Emergence of wireless embedded applications is resulting in the communication among sensor nodes connected in a wireless personal area network. Sensor nodes gather the real time information and transmit it to the desired application. This requires transmission of IPv6 packets over Low-power wireless personal area network and is called 6LoWPAN. IPv6 is resource intensive protocol whereas 6LoWPAN is resource constraint due to small packet size, limited device memory, short transmission range, and less data rate of sensor nodes. Also these nodes in 6LoWPAN are mainly battery operated hence minimum power consumption is also a major constraint.
To make the efficient transmission of information in such a resource constraint network, an adaptation layer was suggested and implemented by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The placing of this additional layer is in between network layer and data link layer of TCP/IP protocol stack. This paper contributes in the detailed analysis of need of adaptation layer in 6LoWPAN protocol stack. The necessity of this additional layer is justified by explaining the major functions like header compression, fragmentation and reassembly of packets and packet routing handled by it.

One day IPv6 is going to be the default protocol used over the internet. But till then we are going to have the networks which IPv4, IPv6 or both networks. There are a number of migration technologies which support this transition like dual stack, tunneling & header translation. In this paper we are improving the efficiency of IPv6 tunneling mechanism, by compressing the IPv6 header of the tunneled packet as IPv6 header is of largest length of 40 bytes. Here the tunnel is a multi hop wireless tunnel and results are analyzed on the basis of varying bandwidth of wireless network. Here different network performance parameters like throughput, End-to-End delay, Jitter, and Packet delivery ratio are taken into account and the results are compared with uncompressed network. We have used Qualnet 5.1 Simulator and the simulation results shows that using header compression over multi hop IPv6 tunnel results in better network performance and bandwidth savings than uncompressed network.

Present research work describes advancement in standard routing protocol AODV for mobile ad-hoc networks. Our mechanism sets up multiple optimal paths with the criteria of bandwidth and delay to store multiple optimal paths in the network. At time of link failure, it will switch to next available path. We have used the information that we get in the RREQ packet and also send RREP packet to more than one path, to set up multiple paths, It reduces overhead of local route discovery at the time of link failure and because of this End to End Delay and Drop Ratio decreases. The main feature of our mechanism is its simplicity and improved efficiency. This evaluates through simulations the performance of the AODV routing protocol including our scheme and we compare it with HLSMPRA (Hot Link Split Multi-Path Routing Algorithm) Algorithm. Indeed, our scheme reduces routing load of network, end to end delay, packet drop ratio, and route error sent. The simulations have been performed using network simulator OPNET. The network simulator OPNET is discrete event simulation software for network simulations which means it simulates events not only sending and receiving packets but also forwarding and dropping packets. This modified algorithm has improved efficiency, with more reliability than Previous Algorithm.