Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is one of the fastest rising emerging technologies that find widespread use in various applications comprising of military, health, agriculture, habitat etc. Seen as sensor network deployed at sites which can be considered as remote and hostile, the technology is seriously faced with challenges to the network and functional security at the cost of their inherent limitations in energy capacity and computing power. In this paper we have delved upon and summarized earlier research on security challenges poised to WSNs, classified the threats and then presented a generic WSN security model keeping in line with the intended security targets to be met. We have also tried to give a realistic theoretical analysis of our WSN security model against these threats.

In the recent few years the research on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and its variants have risen enormously. The researchers all across the globe are trying to develop a routing protocol that is energy efficient and provides adequate security level in data communication. One of the techniques the researchers use is Clustering of the sensor network. This technique inherently consumes less energy during data communication as the nodes have assigned a dedicated task to perform. A total of 35 clustering algorithms / protocols have been surveyed and comparison of these protocols based on the metrics like heterogeneity, clustering method, size of the cluster etc. have been presented.

When we live in a global village, then maintaining privacy and confidentiality becomes reasonably challenging. Short Message Service (SMS) is the oldest application for exchanging messages between communicating parties in cellular network used by mobile phones. These messages are encrypted over-the-air with A5/1 algorithm and stored as clear text at network operator. Recent developments have shown that this algorithm is not secure any more. Compromising an access to network operator registers gains access to SMS also. Current scenarios of hacks and exploitation demands confidentiality, and encryption is one of the techniques, which is used, in this subsequent project of designing a secure SMS android application. Cryptographic manipulation of the data is performed using AES 128 -bit algorithm to secure the data, which is essential to us and the safe transmission of confidential data over the GSM network. AES (Advanced Encryption Standards) algorithm is the considered impregnable even to super computers brute force attacks. The AES algorithm technique uses very befuddled and sporadic encryption making data impregnable to attackers or hackers. This android app will allow the user to encrypt and decrypt the SMS (Short Message Service) efficiently and just at one click. Subsequent explanation is given afterwards.