MANET is an infrastructure-less network, which is comprised of a greater number of nodes that are moving in a random manner. Establishing efficient and reliable routes is the crucial design issue in MANET. In addition, providing energy-efficient routes for performing communication operations in MANET is also a challenging goal. Increasing network lifetime and decreasing overall traffic load are the significant considerations while designing the MANET. An energy optimization routing mechanism with a fuzzy basis that is state-based and influenced by COVID-19 is used to prevent and control epidemics. Based on their lifespan and varying mobility speeds, it is dependent on energy optimization yield under various scenarios. Fuzzy-based bi-objective criteria in energy-efficient routing protocol for the mobile ad-hoc network to select the different constraints like link stability, bandwidth, and battery life. The main goal of this paper is to obtain the optimal solution to choose the best route, limit battery life, and change the movement of mobile nodes for large-scale mobile ad-hoc networks. It is demonstrated that the possible solution relates to the domain of selecting the variables by outlining the connection between the energy function’s variables. Researchers optimize a path's link lifespan, resulting in the choice of the shortest path being particularly efficient in COVID-19 pandemic prevention and treatment. 

This paper represents The Ant Colony Optimization for MTSP and Swarm Inspired Multipath Data Transmission with Congestion Control in MANET using Total Queue Length based on the behavioral nature in the biological ants. We consider the problem of congestion control for multicast traffic in wireless networks. MANET is multi hop wireless network in which the network components such as PC, mobile phones are mobile in nature. The components can communicate with each other without going through its server. One kind of agent (salesman) is engaged in routing. One is Routing agent (salesman), who collects the information about network congestion as well as link failure and same is message agent (salesman) that uses this information to get his destination nodes. Though a number of routing protocols exists, which aim to provide effecting routing but few provide a plausible solution to overall network congestion. We attempt to explore the property of the pheromone deposition by the real ant for MTSP. The proposed algorithm using path pheromone scents constantly updates the goodness of choosing a particular path and measuring the congestion in the network using total queue length and Hop-distance.

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is formed by a group of autonomous mobile nodes connected by wireless links, in which there is no backbone infrastructure. In this work, an attempt has been made to understand the characteristics/behavior of Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocols when operating in more challenging environment such as frequent change in network topology and node density. The performance differentials are analyzed using throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio and normalized routing load which shall provide an insight about the sensitivity of the protocols under consideration when exposed in more challenging environment. Simulation based analysis of the protocols have been done using NS-2.