This article presents a new method, which reduces costs and processing time for spatial object motion detection by focusing on the bare-hand motion that mimics computer mouse functions to allow the user to move the mouse pointer in real-time by the motion of his/her hand without any gloves worn, any object carried, or any key hit. In this article, the study of this topic is from the viewpoint of computer vision and image processing. The principals of the difference of the absolute differences (DAD) are investigated. A new method based on the DAD principles, which is conceptually different from all the existing approaches to spatial object motion detection, is developed and applied successfully to the bare-hand motion. The real-time implementation of the bare-hand motion detection demonstrates the accuracy and efficiency of the DAD method.

This article presents the dynamic path planning for a mobile robot to track a randomly moving goal with avoidance of multiple randomly moving obstacles. The main feature of the developed scheme is its capability of dealing with the situation that the paths of both the goal and the obstacles are unknown a priori to the mobile robot. A new mathematical approach that is based on the concepts of 3-D geometry is proposed to generate the path of the mobile robot. The mobile robot decides its path in real time to avoid the randomly moving obstacles and to track the randomly moving goal. The developed scheme results in faster decision-making for successful goal tracking. 3-D simulations using MATLAB validate the developed scheme.