An image segmentation is an area in which image is subdivided into sub-regions for extracting characteristics of images which will help to analysis in various applications. For getting accuracy sharp changes of intensity is an important issue which is known as edge detection. In this paper various spatial edge detection methods and fuzzy based edge detection method has described and spatial edge detection methods and fuzzy if-then-else are compared to know which method will be more suitable to find edges for the enhancement of images.

Contrast enhancement is an emerging method for image enhancement of specific application to analyze the images clearer for interpretation and analysis in the spatial domain. The goal of Contrast enhancement is to serve an input image so that resultant image is more suited to the particular application. Images with good steps of grays between black and white are commonly the best images for the aim of human perception, a novel approach is proposed in this paper based on fuzzy logic. Mamdani fuzzy inference system models are developed to enhance the contrast of images based on different membership functions (MFs).