This paper encompasses the numerical analysis involved with the Electromagnetic (EM) full-wave simulation tool Advanced Design System (ADS) which uses the Method of Moment (MOM) and Finite Element Method (FEM). MOM is utilized to solve Maxwell’s equations which are transformed into integral equations before discretization and boundary conditions are applied while FEM computes the electrical behavior of the high frequency EM wave distribution, and then analyze the antenna parameters. The main objective is to investigate the effect of reactive loading on the microstrip patch surface which is used to control the behavior of the impedance bandwidth and obtain dual-band frequency operation. The study further examines how the perturbed patch antenna design targets the operating frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz for possible range and speed. The proposed method provides insight into the analysis of the mathematical model employed in attaining the Driving Point Impedance Function (DPF) of the E-patch microstrip patch antenna. This approach was done to quantify the reduction in reflections for improved Radio Frequency (RF) network output.

The most important equipment utilized by power systems are transformers, which are passive electrical devices suitable for the transfer of electrical energy from one circuit to another which is associated with Electromagnetic (EM) induction. These equipment are important to help maintain network stability and reliability but despite these advantages, they still exhibit problems due to numerous factors such as overloading, poor dielectric strength, bad insulation, thermal degradation which in turn cause abrupt power outages or results in a major electrical system failure. Unfortunately, transformer users are having difficulty keeping an eye on how distribution transformers (DT) are performing when they are being used which contributes to outages. This paper focused on the performance analysis of a DT and the approach which helps to mitigate the difficulties of identifying load imbalance or overloaded DT to provide long-lasting and trouble-free services for power consumers, using Mansard place 1000 KVA, 11/0.415 KV Distribution Transformer (DT) as a case study to obtain the on-load parameters. The (Fluke 435 series II) Power Quality and Energy Analyzer (PQEA) was the equipment utilized to ascertain the reliability measurements of the DT and the experimental method was carried out on the second terminal connection as regards to IS 1180 standard.

Antennas are either massive or miniaturized structures useful for the transmission and reception of signals associated with Electromagnetic (EM) radiation. Although Microstrip Patch Antennas (MSA) are advantageous they exhibit several drawbacks which may impair a faster communication throughput. They mostly display narrow impedance bandwidth amidst other grave issues. This study presents some approaches such as transmission line analysis and modeling for investigating the complexities associated with the MSA configurations given the shortcomings of narrow impedance bandwidth. in other to achieve the associated input impedance for the dual-band E-patch microstrip antenna. It also investigated the fabrication of the E-patch MSA which targeted the operating frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz for possible range and speed. The fabricated prototype was tested using a high-frequency communication instrument known as the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) to obtain the return loss and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). This method was done to quantify the reduction of reflections for enhanced Radio Frequency (RF) network output. This work helps to mitigate the challenges encountered when designing and developing microstrip patch antennas having a relatively small size in different configurations.