Cloud-fog computing frameworks are innovative frameworks that have been designed to improve the present Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures. The major limitation for IoT applications is the availability of ongoing energy sources for fog computing servers because transmitting the enormous amount of data generated by IoT devices will increase network bandwidth overhead and slow down the responsive time. Therefore, in this paper, the Butterfly Spotted Hyena Optimization algorithm (BSHOA) is proposed to find an alternative energy-aware task scheduling technique for IoT requests in a cloud-fog environment. In this hybrid BSHOA algorithm, the Butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) is combined with Spotted Hyena Optimization (SHO) to enhance the global and local search behavior of BOA in the process of finding the optimal solution for the problem under consideration. To show the applicability and efficiency of the presented BSHOA approach, experiments will be done on real workloads taken from the Parallel Workload Archive comprising NASA Ames iPSC/860 and HP2CN (High-Performance Computing Center North) workloads. The investigation findings indicate that BSHOA has a strong capacity for dealing with the task scheduling issue and outperforms other approaches in terms of performance parameters including throughput, energy usage, and makespan time.

Cloud fog computing is a new paradigm that combines cloud computing and fog computing to boost resource efficiency and distributed system performance. Task scheduling is crucial in cloud fog computing because it decides the way computer resources are divided up across tasks. Our study suggests that the Shark Search Krill Herd Optimization (SSKHOA) method be incorporated into cloud fog computing's task scheduling. To enhance both the global and local search capabilities of the optimization process, the SSKHOA algorithm combines the shark search algorithm and the krill herd algorithm. It quickly explores the solution space and finds near-optimal work schedules by modelling the swarm intelligence of krill herds and the predator-prey behavior of sharks. In order to test the efficacy of the SSKHOA algorithm, we created a synthetic cloud fog environment and performed some tests. Traditional task scheduling techniques like LTRA, DRL, and DAPSO were used to evaluate the findings. The experimental results demonstrate that the SSKHOA outperformed the baseline algorithms in terms of task success rate increased 34%, reduced the execution time by 36%, and reduced makespan time by 54% respectively.