The fundamental component of the work contains a summary of the theoretical foundations of the algorithms of the scale-self-similar approach for the analysis of digital Mueller-matrix images of birefringent architectonics of biological tissues. The theoretical consideration of multifractal analysis and determination of singularity spectra of fractal dimensions of coordinate distributions of matrix elements (Mueller-matrix images - MMI) of biological tissue preparations is based on the method of maxima of amplitude modules of the wavelet transform (WTMM). The applied part of the work is devoted to the comparison of diagnostic capabilities for determining the prescription of mechanical brain injury using algorithms of statistical (central statistical moments of the 1st - 4th orders), fractal (approximating curves to logarithmic dependences of power spectra) and multifractal (WTMM) analysis of MMI linear birefringence of fibrillar networks of neurons of nervous tissue. Excellent (~95%) accuracy of differential diagnosis of the prescription of mechanical injury has been achieved.