This paper presents a detailed study focused on the utilization of energy-efficient wireless sensor networks (WSNs) specifically designed for hazard and crack detection in coal mines. The primary objective of this research is to develop a WSN system that operates on low power consumption, enabling real-time monitoring of hazardous conditions and cracks within coal mines. The proposed system incorporates energy-efficient methods and protocols to minimize power usage and prolong the lifespan of sensor nodes. The study encompasses the complete design and implementation of a prototype WSN system, followed by a thorough evaluation of its performance within a simulated environment. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in detecting hazards and cracks in real-time while consuming minimal power. Consequently, this research underscores the potential of energy-efficient WSNs to enhance the safety and efficiency of coal mining operations. Moreover, the findings of this study have broader implications, as they can serve as a foundation for the development of similar systems applicable to other hazardous environments, including oil rigs, nuclear power plants, and forest fires. By adopting the energy-efficient WSN approach outlined in this research, these industries can benefit from improved safety measures and enhanced operational efficiency.