The paper analyzes systems vulnerability targeted by TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) segments when SYN flag is ON, which gives space for a DoS (Denial of Service) attack called SYN flooding attack or more often referred as a SYN flood attack. The effects of this type of attack are analyzed and presented in OPNET simulation environment. Furthermore, the paper presents two anomaly detection algorithms as an effective mechanism against this type of attack. Finally, practical approaches against SYN flood attack for Linux and Windows environment which are followed by are shown.

In this paper, the MUSIC 2D-DOA estimation is estimated by splitting the angle into elevation and azimuth components. This technique is based on an array that is composed by a vertical uniform linear array located perpendicularly at the center of another uniform circular array. This array configuration is proposed to reduce the computational burden faced in MUSIC 2D-DOA estimation where the vertical array is used to determine the elevation DOAs (θs) which are used subsequently to determine the azimuth DOAs (∅s) by the circular array instead of searching in all space of the two angles in the case of using circular array only. The new Split beamformer is investigated and the performance of the MUSIC 2D-DOA under several signal conditions in the presence of noise is studied.

The worst news for information technology people are computer has been stolen or lost. The actual problem is the loss of the data stored on the hard drive that can fall into the wrong hands. However, users of information system and laptops computers are facing real problems with due to intruders using attack techniques when they are connected to the network and lost or stolen computers. In order to protect your organization against information leakage you should encrypt this data by only allowing the user with access to the encryption key to view the data, authorized application usage, and control who gets access to specific types of data.
This work focuses on confidentiality of secure information storage. In addition, it presents the model to create of a Virtual Disk Drive (VDD) on MS Windows, that appear to the user (after the mounting process) as hard disks, but that are really stored as ciphered files on a file system. The proposed VDD prevents dictionary attacks and brute force attacks by incorporating a CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) in the login mechanism. The authentication method for the VDD login is based upon a 3-D image CAPTCHA. All components of this work are integrated in one security VDD tool called "SecDisk".

Nowadays, the computing and communication services are accessed while on the move. Setting up of fixed access points and backbone infrastructure is not always viable. So in order to provide communication where there is lack of infrastructure or inconvenience in using the existing infrastructure, Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) are used. This inherent flexibility allows MANETs to be used for a wide range of applications such as rescue operations, military applications, vehicular communication, and business meetings. As there is no apriori trust relationship between the nodes of an ad hoc network and basic network functions like packet forwarding and routing are performed by the available nodes, security is an essential component in MANETs. Various attacks in MANETs are blackhole attack, byzantine attack, resource consumption attack, rushing attack, and wormhole attack. Wormhole attack is a severe threat among the other threats in MANET. Existing solutions to detect wormhole attacks include Packet Leashes, SECTOR, DelPHI, RTT-TC, TTM, etc. These solutions require special hardware or strict synchronized clocks or cause message overhead. Some solutions do not locate the wormhole, and some other may generate false alarms or does not consider network congestion into account. In this paper, wormhole attack detection is proposed based on RTT between successive nodes and congestion detection mechanism. If the RTT between two successive nodes is higher than the threshold value, a wormhole attack is suspected. If a wormhole is suspected, node's transitory buffer is probed to determine whether the long delay between the nodes is due to wormhole or not, as delays can be caused due to congestion or by queuing delays. The proposed method prevents both the hidden and the exposed attack. Advantage of our proposed solution is that it does not require any specialized hardware or synchronized clocks.

Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is a digital system developed to meet the desires of the entire public. As the population of a particular area, city or country increases, the number of mobile subscribers increases too. GSM network operators have to reduce congestion on their networks in order to satisfy their subscribers, therefore, a means of monitoring the base stations' locations and the geographical area of where they are located are important factor to achieve this purpose. This work provides a simple step-by-step approach on how to monitor the location of the base stations. A review of GSM and Global Positioning System (GPS) technology and their applications to the Geographic Information System (GIS) are presented. The means of taken the coordinates of base stations using a GPS device is also presented. ESRI's ArcView application software was used to design the map that shows the location of the base station and thereafter was integrated into the web. It concluded with the recommendation to GSM operators in Nigeria. If the recommendations are given necessary attention, the planning and optimization of cell sites will be enhanced and thereby reduce congestion on network. As a result, the performance of Network will improve, and it will give rise to subscribers' satisfaction and increasing profit returns to the operators.

Wired and wireless network is based on the TCP / IP architecture but it is not sufficient to cope with the dynamics of the MANET. Cross layer design can be an alternative architecture for MANET. Frequent route break is one of the major problems of mobile adhoc network (MANET). Path breaks due to less available battery power and mobility of nodes. Most of the battery power is consumed in flooding of control packets. A key challenge in the design of efficient routing protocol is to reduce link breakage and flooding of control packets. Route breakage can be reduced if the possibility of route breakage is predicted and a handoff is done without drop of data packets. If route breakage is reduced, the more battery power will be available with nodes. In turn it reduces the possibility of route breakage and the possibility of flooding. This is a cumulative effect. So a novel preemptive route repair algorithm is proposed named as RDCLRP- Route discovery by cross layer routing protocol to reduce frequency of control packet flooding and route breakage. Three variants of RDCLRP and their results are illustrated. In this paper, the impact of the number of nodes on performance of RDCLRP are investigated and analyzed. The results show 55.6% reduction in link breakage, 14.7% improvement in residual battery power and an average of 6.7% increase in throughput compared to basic AODV.

The entire humanity needs a vehicle to travel from one place to another. Obviously a new model vehicle is manufactured by the manufacturing companies to attract its customers every day. All the manufactured vehicles have different advantages, when compared with one another. In this case, we introduce another added advantage to the vehicle is establishing inter vehicle wireless communication in VANET and preventing it from the hackers. This type of inter vehicle wireless communication among vehicles that are moving faster on the road will lead safety and increase Quality of Service (QoS) to the passengers. The proposed wireless inter vehicle communication will allow vehicles to inter change messages from one vehicle to another vehicle with the help of network communication and prevents the communication from the hackers.

Recently the application domains of wireless sensor networks have grown exponentially. Traditional routing algorithm generates traffic related to route discovery to destination. Geographic routing algorithms exploit location information well but the problem of congestion and collision throttle its full employment for resource constrained wireless sensor networks. In this paper we present a Geographic Load Balanced Routing (GLBR), explores a technique Load balancing for WSNs which can be a viable solution to the challenges of geographic routing. Load balancing can be realized through two approaches. GLBR defines parameters based on communication overhead at sensor nodes and wireless link status through which load can be balanced across whole network. GLBR approach exploits the existing Geographic Routing approach i.e. Greedy forwarding by considering not only the distance between next hop and destination as single parameter for packet forwarding but also consider overhead at node. When load at a node is high GLBR looks for an alternate option for packet forwarding. Thus GLBR divert traffic to obviate congestion and hence avoid disconnections in the network.