Facial expressions are undoubtedly the best way to express human attitude which is crucial in social communications. This paper gives attention for exploring the human sentimental state in thermal images through Facial Expression Recognition (FER) by utilizing Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Most traditional approaches largely depend on feature extraction and classification methods with a big pre-processing level but CNN as a type of deep learning methods, can automatically learn and distinguish influential features from the raw data of images through its own multiple layers. Obtained experimental results over the IRIS database show that the use of CNN architecture has a 96.7% recognition rate which is high compared with Neural Networks (NN), Autoencoder (AE) and other traditional recognition methods as Local Standard Deviation (LSD), Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN).

It is still difficult to recognize the kind of fruit which are of different colors, shapes, and textures. This paper proposes a features fusion method to recognize five different classes of fruits that are the images from the fruit360 dataset. We are processed with four stages: pre-processing, boundary extraction, feature extractions, and classification. Pre-processing is performed to remove the noise by using the median filter, and boundary extraction are operated with the morphological operation. In feature extraction, we have extracted two types of features: color, and morphological features of the image. Color features are extracted from the RGB color channel, and morphological features are extracted from the image that detected the boundary of fruit by using morphological operations. These two types of features are combined in a single feature descriptor.  These features are passed to five different classifiers: Naïve Bayes (NB), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Random Forest (RF). In the study, the accuracy that classified with Random Forest (RF) classifier for the proposed feature fusion method is better than the other classifiers, such as Naïve Bayes (NB), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN).

The brain imaging device, Electroencephalography (EEG) provides several advantages over other brain signals like Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). It is non-invasive and easily applicable. EEG provides high temporal resolution with a low setup cost. EEG signals of several subjects which record electric potential caused by neurons firing in the brain are undergone a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) classification technique. We are particularly interested to detect the brain diseases from EEG signals by an HMM probabilistic model. This HMM model is built with a given initial probability matrix of five different states, namely, epilepsy, seizure, dementia, stroke and normality. The transition probability matrix is updated after each iteration of parameter estimation using Baum-Welch algorithm (B-W algorithm).

This paper proposes Type 2- Interval Fuzzy Proportional–Integral–Derivative (T2IFPID) controller for a non-linear system. Type 2- Interval fuzzy logic controller (T2IFLC) is self-possessed in such a way that it is an autonomous process. To decipher the influence, the impression of uncertainty on the controller execution to two different types of curves are outlined i.e. aggressive control curve and smoother control curve. Popov-Lyapunov approach is used to define the stability of the framework.

The convolutional neural network (CNN) is the type of deep neural networks which has been widely used in visual recognition. Over the years, CNN has gained lots of attention due to its high capability to appropriately classifying the images and feature learning. However, there are many factors such as the number of layers and their depth, number of features map, kernel size, batch size, etc. They must be analyzed to determine how they influence the performance of network. In this paper, the performance evaluation of CNN is conducted by designing a simple architecture for image classification. We evaluated the performance of our proposed network on the most famous image repository name CIFAR-10 used for the detection and classification task. The experiment results show that the proposed network yields the best classification accuracy as compared to existing techniques. Besides, this paper will help the researchers to better understand the CNN models for a variety of image classification task. Moreover, this paper provides a brief introduction to CNN, their applications in image processing, and discuss recent advances in region-based CNN for the past few years.

In this paper we propose a method for automatic detection of crowd escape behaviour. Motion features are extracted by optical flow using Lucas-Kanade derivative of Gaussian method (LKDoG) followed by robust probabilistic weighted feature pooling operation. Probabilistic feature polling chooses the most descriptive features in the sub-block and summarizes the joint representation of the selected features by Probabilistic Weighted Optical Flow Magnitude Histogram (PWOFMH) and Probabilistic Weighted Optical Flow Direction Histogram (PWOFDH). One class Extreme Learning Machine (OC-ELM) is used to train and test our proposed algorithm. The accuracy of our proposed method is evaluated on UMN, PETS 2009 and AVANUE datasets and correlations with the best in class techniques approves the upsides of our proposed method.