This paper presents the evaluation of three machine learning algorithms applied to colour recognition. The “primary” colour palette is defined in accordance with the results from social sciences. Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines and k-Nearest Neighbours classifiers are being tested on various data sets created for this purpose. One of the distance measures for the k-Nearest Neighbour classifier considered is DeltaE2000 - the standard colour difference formula, designed in conformance with human perception. Additionally, we compare these algorithms to various colour recognition applications available.

Robust and secure transmission strategy for high quality image through wireless networks is considered a great challenge. However, the majority of encrypted image transmission schemes don't consider well the effect of bit errors occurring during transmission. These errors are due to the factors that affect the information such as noise and multipath propagation. That should be handled by an efficient channel coding scheme. Our proposed scheme is based on combining hybrid chaotic encryption, which is based on two-dimensional chaotic maps which is utilized for data security, with an error correction technique based on the Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code. The LDPC is employed as channel coding for data communication in order to solve the problem of the channel’s limited bandwidth and improve throughput. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves a high degree of robustness against channel impairments and wide varieties of attacks as wells as improved reliability of the wireless channel. In addition, LDPC is utilized for error correction in order to solve the limitations of wireless channels.

In this paper, we propose a robust environmental sound spectrogram classification approach. Its purpose is surveillance and security applications based on the reassignment method and log-Gabor filters. 
Besides, the reassignment method is applied to the spectrogram to improve the readability of the time-frequency representation, and to assure a better localization of the signal components. Our approach includes three methods. In the first two methods, the reassigned spectrograms are passed through appropriate log-Gabor filter banks and the outputs are averaged and underwent an optimal feature selection procedure based on a mutual information criterion. The third method uses the same steps but applied only to three patches extracted from each reassigned spectrogram. The proposed approach is tested on a large database consists of 1000 sounds belonging to ten classes. The recognition is based on Multiclass Support Vector Machines.

Medical image segmentation is a fundamental task in the medical imaging field. Optimal segmentation is required for the accurate judgment or appropriate clinical diagnosis. In this paper, we proposed automatically gradient threshold estimator of anisotropic diffusion for Meyer’s Watershed algorithm based optimal segmentation. The Meyer’s Watershed algorithm is the most significant for a large number of regions separations but the over segmentation is the major drawback of the Meyer’s Watershed algorithm. We are able to remove over segmentation after using anisotropic diffusion as a preprocessing step of segmentation in the Meyer’s Watershed algorithm. We used a fixed window size for dynamically gradient threshold estimation. The gradient threshold is the most important parameter of the anisotropic diffusion for image smoothing. The proposed method is able to segment medical image accurately because of obtaining the enhancement image. The introducing method demonstrates better performance without loss of any clinical information while preserving edges. Our investigated method is more efficient and effective in order to segment the region of interests in the medical images indeed.

This research is aimed at evaluating the shape and color features using the most commonly used neural network architectures for cereal grain classification. An evaluation of the classification accuracy of shape and color features and neural network was done to classify four Paddy (Rice) grains, viz. Karjat-6, Ratnagiri-2, Ratnagiri-4 and Ratnagiri-24. Algorithms were written to extract the features from the high-resolution images of kernels of four grain types and use them as input features for classification. Different feature models were tested for their ability to classify these cereal grains. Effect of using different parameters on the accuracy of classification was studied. The most suitable feature set from the features was identified for accurate classification. The Shape-n-Color feature set outperformed in almost all the instances of classification.

Image denoising using wavelet transform has been successful as wavelet transform generates a large number of small coefficients and a small number of large coefficients. Basic denoising algorithm that using the wavelet transform consists of three steps – first computing the wavelet transform of the noisy image, thresholding is performed on the detail coefficients in order to remove noise and finally inverse wavelet transform of the modified coefficients is taken. This paper reviews the state of art methods of image denoising using wavelet thresholding. An Experimental analysis of wavelet based methods Visu Shrink, Sure Shrink, Bayes Shrink, Prob Shrink, Block Shrink and Neigh Shrink Sure is performed. These wavelet based methods are also compared with spatial domain methods like median filter and wiener filter. Results are evaluated on the basis of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio and visual quality of images. In the experiment, wavelet based methods perform better than spatial domain methods. In wavelet domain, recent methods like prob shrink, block shrink and neigh shrink sure performed better as compared to other wavelet based methods.

The palm vein biometrics is automated tool to recognize a person based on human vein pattern. The vein pattern is intrinsic and subcutaneous so that is very difficult to forge or fake. This paper discusses about the feature extraction of the hand based recognition system that involves features like vein pattern, principal lines and secondary lines. The morphological operations such as opening, closing and edge detection technique like canny algorithm are used to extract the feature set. The result shows the prominent feature extraction using image processing techniques.

With the dramatic increase in multimedia data, escalating trend of internet, and amplifying use of image/video capturing devices; content based indexing and text extraction is gaining more and more importance in research community. In the last decade, many techniques for text extraction are reported in the literature. Methodologies of text extraction from images/videos is generally comprises of text detection and localization, text tracking, text segmentation and optical character recognition (OCR). This paper intends to highlight the contributions and limitations of text detection, localization and tracking phases. The problem is exigent due to variations in the font styles, size and color, text orientations, animations and backgrounds. The paper can serve as the beacon-house for the novice researchers of the text extraction community.

In this paper, a comparative study between two image fusion algorithm based on PCA and DWT is carried out in underwater image domain. Underwater image fusion is emerged as one of the main image fusion area, here two or more images will be fused by retaining the most desirable characteristics of each underwater images. The DWT technique is used to decompose the input image into four frequency sub bands and the low-low sub band images will be considered in fusion processing. In PCA method significant eigen values will be considered in fusion process to retain the important characteristics of the input images. The results acquired from both experiments are tabulated and compared by considering the statistical measures such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE) and Entropy. Results shows that underwater image fusion based on DWT outperforms the PCA based method.

This paper addresses the problem of detecting the partially-correlated χ2 fluctuating targets with two and four degrees of freedom. It presents the performance analysis, in its exact form, of GTM-CFAR processor when the operating environment is contaminated with extraneous targets and the radar receiver post-detection integrates M pulses of exponentially correlated targets. Mathematical formulas for the detection and false alarm probabilities are derived, in the absence as well as in the presence of spurious targets which are fluctuating in accordance with the so-called moderately fluctuating χ2 targets. A thorough performance assessment by several numerical examples, which has considered the role that each parameter can play in the processor performance, is also given. The results show that the processor performance improves, for weak SNR of the primary target, as the correlation coefficient ρs increases and this occurs either in the absence or in the presence of outlying targets. As the strength of the target return increases, the processor tends to invert this behavior. The SWI & SWII and SWIII & SWIV models enclose the correlated target cases when the target correlation follows χ2 fluctuation models with two and four degrees of freedom, respectively, and this behavior is common for all GTM based detectors.