International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science (IJMECS)
IJMECS Vol. 12, No. 4, 8 Aug. 2020
Cover page and Table of Contents: PDF (size: 377KB)
Rural Empowerment through Education: Case Study of a Learning Community Telecentre in Indonesia
Full Text (PDF, 377KB), PP.12-26
Views: 0 Downloads: 0
Author(s)
Wichitra Yasya
1,*
Index Terms
Telecentre, ICT4D, communication for development, rural empowerment, learning community
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for development and social change in a rural telecentre in Indonesia. It attempts to contribute to the literature of ICTs for development and social change, in the field of analysis of a community-driven ICTs initiative and the analysis of an Indonesian telecentre, two research areas that had not been extensively explored. A qualitative case study approach was chosen to reveal the how ICTs are used in community empowerment in the case of Qaryah Thayyibah Learning Community, a school with a telecentre that in founded, run and funded by the community of Kalibening Village in Central Java, Indonesia. Through the application of the stakeholder theory, significant findings related to impact of ICTs for social change of the Qaryah Thayyibah Learning Community were revealed. These findings include patterns of access and participation of stakeholders in relation to ICTs. While ICTs had impacted the students of Qaryah Thayyibah, its impact had not yet been significantly experienced for the wider community outside of the school. Another important finding that emerged from the stakeholder analysis is the influence and value of the local champion in the establishment and sustainability of the ICTs initiative. In conclusion, the findings suggest that education such as that practiced in the Qaryah Thayyibah Learning Community can contribute in achieving rural empowerment, although the process may be long and complex. As this is an exploratory study investigating unquantifiable intangible impacts, further research can focus more on these intangible impacts through different lenses such as culture, power dynamics and social relations.
Cite This Paper
Wichitra Yasya, " Rural Empowerment through Education: Case Study of a Learning Community Telecentre in Indonesia", International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science(IJMECS), Vol.12, No.4, pp. 12-26, 2020.DOI: 10.5815/ijmecs.2020.04.02
Reference
[1]S. R. Melkote and H. L. Steeves, Communication for development: Theory and practice for empowerment and social justice. SAGE Publications India, 2015.
[2]R. Gómez, P. Hunt, and E. Lamoureux, “Telecentre Evaluation and Research: a global perspective,” in Telecentre Evaluation: A Global Perspective (Report of an International Meeting on Telecentre Evaluation), 1999, pp. 28–30.
[3]R. Heeks and A. Molla, “Impact Assessment of ICT-for-Development Projects: A Compendium of Approaches,” Development Informatics Working Paper No 36. Institute for Development Policy and Management, Manchester, 2009.
[4]A. V. T. Whyte, Assessing community telecentres: Guidelines for researchers. Toronto: IDRC, 2000.
[5]S. Ó. Siochrú and B. Girard, “Community-based Networks and Innovative Technologies,” United Nations Dev. Program., 2005.
[6]S. Kamarudin, S. Z. Omar, J. Bolong, M. N. Osman, and M. Mahamed, “ICT Development of Community in Rural Areas,” Int. J. Acad. Res. Bus. Soc. Sci., vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 18–27, 2019.
[7]N. Nurchim and I. Nofikasari, “Analisis Model Pengembangan Telecenter Guna Mewujudkan Desa Pintar di Indonesia,” Fountain Informatics J., vol. 3, no. 2, p. 36, 2018.
[8]S. Oestmann and A. C. Dymond, “Telecentres—Experiences, lessons and trends,” Telecentres Case Stud. key issues, vol. 1, pp. 1–15, 2001.
[9]F. J. Proenza, “Telecenter sustainability: Myths and opportunities,” J. Dev. Comm., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 94–109, 2001.
[10]J. J. Rennie, “ICTs and Educational Benefits in Regional Development,” in Information and Communication Technologies for Economic and Regional Developments, IGI Global, 2007, pp. 1–21.
[11]R. Heeks, “Development 2.0: Transformative ICT-enabled development models and impacts,” Dev. Informatics Short Pap., vol. 11, pp. 1–6, 2010.
[12]S. Bailur, “Using Stakeholder Theory to Analyze Telecenter Projects,” Inf. Technol. Int. Dev., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 61–80, Mar. 2007.
[13]T. Tschang, M. Chuladul, and T. T. Le, “Scaling-up information services for development: a framework of increasing returns for telecentres,” J. Int. Dev. J. Dev. Stud. Assoc., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 129–141, 2002.
[14]R. Heeks, Development Informatics Where Next for ICTs and International Development?, no. 42. 2009.
[15]FAO, Revisiting the “Magic Box” : case studies in local appropriation of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization, 2003.
[16]R. Rusdiah, “Internet Center (Warnet) Diffusion in Rural Villages to Sustain Economic Development or Part of Global Big Data Trend?,” Proceeding Inf. Syst. Int. Conf., no. December 2013, pp. 147–154, 2013.
[17]World Bank, “Indonesia-information and communication technologies for rural development: Issues and options (vol. 2 of 2): An evaluation of telecenters in Indonesia.” The World Bank East Asia and Pacific Region Rural Development and Natural Resources Sector, Washington DC, 2005.
[18]A. L. Friedman and S. Miles, Stakeholders: Theory and Practice. Oxford: OUP Oxford, 2006.
[19]R. Phillips, Stakeholder theory and organizational ethics. San Fransisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2003.
[20]R. Brugha and Z. Varvasovszky, “How to do (or not to do)... A stakeholder analysis,” Health Policy Plan., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 338–345, 2000.
[21]R. E. Freeman, J. S. Harrison, A. C. Wicks, B. L. Parmar, and S. De Colle, Stakeholder theory: The state of the art. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
[22]R. Freeman, Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman, 1984.
[23]T. Donaldson and L. E. Preston, “The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications,” Acad. Manag. Rev., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 65–91, 1995.
[24]M. E. Clarkson, “A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance,” Acad. Manag. Rev., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 92–117, 1995.
[25]ODA, “Guidance Note on how to do Stakeholder Analysis of AID Projects and Programmes.” Overseas Development Association, London, 1995.
[26]A. Kroczek, F. Mweetwa, and G. van Stam, “Stakeholder Theory and ICT in rural Macha, Zambia,” 5th Annu. Int. Conf. ICT Africa (ICT4Africa), 20-23 Feb 2013, Harare, Zimbabwe, 2013.
[27]L. Adam and F. Wood, “An investigation of the impact of information and communication technologies in sub-Saharan Africa,” J. Inf. Sci., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 307–318, 1999.
[28]B. L. Dey, D. R. Newman, and R. Prendergast, “Ethnographic Approach to User-Centred Evaluation of Telecentres,” Int. J. Innov. Digit. Econ., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 22–39, Jul. 2010.
[29]R. K. Yin, Case study research and applications: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage publications, 2017.
[30]M. Patton, Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. Thousand Oaks [US]: Sage, 1990.
[31]N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln, The Sage handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2011.
[32]H. Boeije, “A purposeful approach to the constant comparative method in the analysis of qualitative interviews,” Qual. Quant., vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 391–409, 2002.
[33]A. Bahruddin, Pendidikan Alternatif Qaryah Thayyibah. Yogyakarta: LKIS, 2007.
[34]R. Roman and R. D. Colle, Themes and issues in telecentre sustainability, vol. 10. Manchester: Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester, 2002.
[35]P. Morris, A Survey of the Implications of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on Youth Employment. Fremantle: Telesis Communications, 2000.
[36]S. A. McDaniel, “Information and communication technologies: Bugs in the generational ointment,” Can. J. Sociol., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 535–548, 2002.
[37]APJII, Penetrasi dan Perilaku Pengguna Internet Indonesia. Jakarta (ID): Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia, 2018.
[38]A. Rachman, A. Purwoto, and G. Hardono, “Kebijakan Pengelolaan Cadangan Pangan pada Era Otonomi Daerah dan Perum Bulog,” Forum Penelit. Agro Ekon., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 73–83, 2005.
[39]APPEAL, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for Community Empowerment through Non-formal Education: experiences from Lao PDR, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Uzbekistan. Bangkok: UNESCO, 2015.
[40]S. Burkey, People First: A Guide to Self-Reliant Participatory Rural Development. London: Zed Books, 1993.
[41]N. A. Razak, “Empowering the rural communities via the telecentres,” Eur. J. Soc. Sci., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 425–432, 2009.
[42]R. Heeks, “i-development not e-development: Special issue on ICTs and development,” J. Int. Dev. J. Dev. Stud. Assoc., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2002.