IJMECS Vol. 15, No. 3, 8 Jun. 2023
Cover page and Table of Contents: PDF (size: 668KB)
Full Text (PDF, 668KB), PP.55-69
Views: 0 Downloads: 0
Learning Disability, Deep Learning, Statistical Modelling, Behavioral patterns
Students with learning disorders (LD) are unable to perform certain set of tasks due to their difficulty in understanding & interpreting them. These tasks include, but are not limited to, solving simple Mathematical identities, understanding English Grammar related questions, spelling certain words, arranging words in sequence, etc. A wide variety of system models are proposed by researchers to analyze such issues with LD students, and recommend various remedies for the same. But a very few of these models are designed for end-to-end continuous learning support, which limits their applicability. Moreover, even fewer system models are designed to improve capabilities of LD students, via modification of system’s internal parameters. To cater these issues, a novel deep-learning model (DL2CSMBP) is proposed in this text, which assists in incrementally improving learning capabilities of LD children via statistical modelling of examination behavioural patterns. The model initially proposes design of a novel examination system that generates question sets based on student’s temporal performance, and collects their responses via an LD-friendly approach. These responses are processed using a deep learning model that extracts statistical characteristics from student responses. These characteristics include question skipping probability, percentage of correct answers, question revisit probability, time spent on each question, un-attempted questions, & frequently skipped question types. They were extracted from 12 different question types which include Basic English Grammar, Medium English Grammar, Advanced English Grammar, direct comprehension, inference comprehension, vocabulary comprehension, sequencing, spelling, synonyms, Mathematics (addition & subtraction), and finding the odd Man out. The results of these questions were evaluated for 80+ LD students, and their responses were observed. Based on these responses a customized 1D convolutional Neural Network (CNN) layer was trained, which assisted in improving classification performance. It was observed that the proposed model was able to identify LD students with 95.6% efficiency. The LD students were able to incrementally improve the performance by attempting a series of exam sessions. Due to this incremental performance improvement, the LD students were able to cover 28% more questions, and answer almost 97% of these questions with precision & correctness. Due to such promising results, the system is capable of real-time deployment, and can act as an automated schooling tool for LD students to incrementally improve their examination performance without need of medical & psychological experts. This can also assist in reducing depression among LD students, because they don’t need to interact with a physical doctor while improving their LD condition in real-time, thus suggesting its use in non-intrusive medical treatments of these students.
Masooda Modak, Prachi Gharpure, M Sasikumar, "Design of a Deep-Learning Model to Improve Learning Capabilities of LD Children via Statistical Modelling of Examination Behavioral Patterns", International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science(IJMECS), Vol.15, No.3, pp. 55-69, 2023. DOI:10.5815/ijmecs.2023.03.05
[1]P. Sittiprapaporn, "Preliminary Study of Neuroscience-based Cognitive Skill Training and Brainwave Changes in Children with Learning Disabilities," 2019 16th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), 2019, pp. 499-503, doi: 10.1109/ECTI-CON47248.2019.8955259.
[2]D. Sobnath, T. Kaduk, I. U. Rehman and O. Isiaq, "Feature Selection for UK Disabled Students’ Engagement Post Higher Education: A Machine Learning Approach for a Predictive Employment Model," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 159530-159541, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3018663.
[3]M. Syafrudin, G. Alfian, N. L. Fitriyani, A. H. Sidiq, T. Tjahjanto and J. Rhee, "Improving Efficiency of Self-care Classification Using PCA and Decision Tree Algorithm," 2020 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Application (DASA), 2020, pp. 224-227, doi: 10.1109/DASA51403.2020.9317243.
[4]Khowaja, Kamran & Bilikis, Banire & Al-Thani, Dena & Tahri Sqalli, Mohammed & Aqle, Aboubakr & Shah, Asadullah & Salim, Siti Salwah. (2020). Augmented Reality for Learning of Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Systematic Review. IEEE Access. PP. 1-1. 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2986608.
[5]Adam T. (2020) Assisting Students with Learning Disabilities Through Technology. In: Tatnall A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Education and Information Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10576-1_148
[6]Taylor R.L., Sternberg L. (1989) Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities. In: Exceptional Children. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3602-3_4
[7]Chango, W., Cerezo, R., Sanchez-Santillan, M. et al. Improving prediction of students’ performance in intelligent tutoring systems using attribute selection and ensembles of different multimodal data sources. J Comput High Educ 33, 614–634 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-021-09298-8
[8]Schumaker J.B., Deshler D.D. (1992) Validation of Learning Strategy Interventions for Students with Learning Disabilities: Results of a Programmatic Research Effort. In: Wong B.Y.L. (eds) Contemporary Intervention Research in Learning Disabilities. Disorders of Human Learning, Behavior, and Communication. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2786-1_2
[9]Nilvius, C., Svensson, I. Efficacy evaluation of a full-scale response to intervention program for enhancing student reading abilities in a Swedish school context. Read Writ (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-021-10237-3
[10]Seale, J., Colwell, C., Coughlan, T. et al. ‘Dreaming in colour’: disabled higher education students’ perspectives on improving design practices that would enable them to benefit from their use of technologies. Educ Inf Technol 26, 1687–1719 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10329-7
[11]Schwartz, A.E., Hopkins, B.G. and Stiefel, L. (2021), The Effects of Special Education on the Academic Performance of Students with Learning Disabilities. J. Pol. Anal. Manage., 40: 480-520.
[12]Didion, L., Toste, J.R. and Benz, S.A. (2020), Self-Determination to Increase Oral Reading Fluency Performance: Pilot and Replication Single-Case Design Studies. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 35: 218-231. https://doi.org/10.1111/ldrp.12234
[13]Dietrichson, J, Filges, T, Klokker, RH, Viinholt, BCA, Bøg, M, Jensen, UH. Targeted school-based interventions for improving reading and mathematics for students with, or at risk of, academic difficulties in Grades 7–12: A systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews. 2020; 16:e1081. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1081
[14]Malekpour, Mokhtar & Aghababaei, Sara & Abedi, Ahmad. (2013). Working memory and learning disabilities. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. 59. 35-46. 10.1179/2047387711Y.0000000011.
[15]Eman Al-Zboon (2022) Online learning for students with intellectual disabilities during a coronavirus outbreak in Jordan, International Journal of Inclusive Education, DOI: 10.1080/13603116.2022.2036828
[16]Wehmeyer, Michael & Hughes, Carolyn & Agran, Martin & Garner, Nancy & Yeager, Danna. (2003). Student-Directed Learning Strategies to Promote the Progress of Students with Intellectual Disability in Inclusive Classrooms. International Journal of Inclusive Education. 7. 415-428. 10.1080/1360311032000110963.
[17]Berkeley, Sheri & Larsen, Anna. (2018). Fostering Self-Regulation of Students with Learning Disabilities: Insights from 30 Years of Reading Comprehension Intervention Research: FOSTERING SELF-REGULATION OF STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice. 33. 10.1111/ldrp.12165.
[18]Charles Gbollie, Harriett Pearl Keamu, "Student Academic Performance: The Role of Motivation, Strategies, and Perceived Factors Hindering Liberian Junior and Senior High School Students Learning", Education Research International, vol. 2017, Article ID 1789084, 11 pages, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1789084
[19]Guo, Yaojun. (2021). A Study of English Informative Teaching Strategies Based on Deep Learning. Journal of Mathematics. 2021. 1-8. 10.1155/2021/5364892.
[20]T. I. Chowdhury, S. M. S. Ferdous and J. Quarles, "VR Disability Simulation Reduces Implicit Bias Towards Persons With Disabilities," in IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 3079-3090, 1 June 2021, doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2019.2958332.
[21]S. Sanchez-Gordon, C. Aguilar-Mayanquer and T. Calle-Jimenez, "Model for Profiling Users With Disabilities on e-Learning Platforms," in IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 74258-74274, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3081061.
[22]S. J. Lee and L. -Q. Zhang, "Learning Patterns of Pivoting Neuromuscular Control Training–Toward a Learning Model for Therapy Scheduling," in IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 383-390, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1109/TBME.2018.2842033.
[23]D. Avila-Pesantez, R. Delgadillo and L. A. Rivera, "Proposal of a Conceptual Model for Serious Games Design: A Case Study in Children With Learning Disabilities," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 161017-161033, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2951380.
[24]A. R. Cano, Á. J. García-Tejedor, C. Alonso-Fernández and B. Fernández-Manjón, "Game Analytics Evidence-Based Evaluation of a Learning Game for Intellectual Disabled Users," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 123820-123829, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2938365.
[25]R. Y. Chan, E. Sato-Shimokawara, X. Bai, M. Yukiharu, S. Kuo and A. Chung, "A Context-Aware Augmentative and Alternative Communication System for School Children With Intellectual Disabilities," in IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 208-219, March 2020, doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2019.2911671.
[26]T. Akter et al., "Machine Learning-Based Models for Early Stage Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorders," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 166509-166527, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2952609