This paper is dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of hybrid energy options, with a specific focus on exploring their economic and environmental advantages within the context of an ice cream factory located in Fukuoka, Japan. The study takes a holistic approach, delving into various facets such as power generation, energy expenses, and related factors to uncover the potential benefits associated with specific configurations of hybrid energy solutions.  The analysis presented in this study serves as a valuable tool for assessing the impact of different power generation technologies and energy management strategies. It sheds light on how these choices can influence not only the factory's operational costs but also its environmental footprint. By quantifying these effects, the study provides critical insights  
that can guide decision-makers toward more sustainable and economically sound energy solutions. As a forward-looking application approach, this research envisions the utilization of a PV-wind-diesel-grid-electrolyzer power system. This hybrid configuration serves as a versatile platform for conducting simulation studies, allowing for the exploration of a wide spectrum of potentially viable solutions. The insights derived from these simulations not only facilitate informed decision-making but also pave the way for anticipating and strategically planning future energy implementations. In essence, this study represents a proactive and data-driven approach to energy optimization, offering the ice cream factory in Fukuoka a roadmap to harnessing the benefits of hybrid energy systems, ultimately contributing to both economic efficiency and environmental sustainability. So, at a cost of energy (COE) of 18.313¥ per kWh, this arrangement stands out as an economically advantageous and environmentally friendly solution for the electrification of the ice cream factory.

Bangladesh has been using fossil fuel sources for the last years to generate electricity. The electricity power generation capacity of Bangladesh must enlarge to support the increasing electricity demand nowadays. As the conventional fuel resources are limited on the earth, renewable resources (ex: PV, wind) must be used in the future. The aim of this study is to design a hybrid electricity and hydrogen production system with the photovoltaic, wind turbine, hydro, diesel generator, electrolyzer, and reformer using Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software under the study area Delduar, Tangail, Bangladesh (2408.5/N, 89054.1/E). This research focuses on maximum electricity generation using renewable energy sources with a minimum cost of energy (COE). According to the Homer optimization model, the levelized cost of energy (COE) based on a PV-wind-hydro-diesel generator-electrolyzer-reformer-battery hybrid electricity generation system is $0.281, the net present cost is $3.22 million, and operating cost $60,401 with 99.5% renewable fraction respectively. Furthermore, the analysis confirms that hybrid PV-wind-hydro-diesel generator-hydrogen power plant construction in Delduar, Tangail area is economically feasible.

In Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), portable devices like smartphones, or laptop PC can join together to make provisional networks without any infrastructure The objective of multicast or unicast protocols is to ensure an efficient route formation and flow control mechanism which is a very challenging issue for many group computing services in MANETs. MANETs can support several real-time applications like emergency rescue, and disaster relief operations which require minimum Quality of Service (QoS) to handle high traffic. Providing QoS for multimedia and group-oriented computing in MANETs becomes a real challenge due to the wireless medium and the mobility of operating nodes. Therefore, an investigation of routing protocols for one-to-many or many-to-many computing is important that supports acceptable QoS in MANETs. Numerous QoS metrics have been considered for the assessment like packet delivery ratio, latency, packet loss rate, control overhead, and throughput. By considering different network topologies and scenarios with different performance parameters, the primary goal of this study is to explore the challenges and factors for QoS services in MANET’s multicast communication. The outcomes of investigation can be used to design the future MANET protocol for multimedia applications. The performance results indicate that the increasing number of sending/receiving nodes may increase the overhead or latency of the network but capable of providing higher network throughput, carried out in NS-2. The results also indicate although MANETs can induce errors and packets are lost as part of the normal operating context, multicast AODV practice superior to the unicast protocol to various QoS in a wide range of scenarios with less overhead.