Local thermal enhancement in target tissue is of great interest in tumor hyperthermia. In this study, we proposed a brand-new thermal enhancement protocol for tumor hyperthermia using heat generated from thermogenesis of capsaicin, which can safely deliver a totally localized heating to target tissue. A healthy male volunteer was recruited, whose partial areas of opisthenar and forearm were smeared with 1% (w/w) capsaicin solution, to determine the increase of thermogenesis in local area of human body. In addition, animal experiments on several healthy Kunming (KM) mice (20-22g) were performed to test the feasibility of this capsaicin based thermal enhancement method. Preliminary experiments on the volunteer showed an effective temperature increase in the skin area smeared with capsaicin solution. Animal experiments indicated that distinct enhancement in heating effect presents in the target tissue of mice where capsaicin solution was introduced. The thermal enhancement ability of capsaicin, therefore, suggests that capsaicin can be used as a potential therapeutic adjuvant to locally enhance heating effects in target tissue during tumor hyperthermia.

Local thermal enhancement in target tissue is of great interest in tumor hyperthermia. In this study, we proposed a brand-new thermal enhancement protocol for tumor hyperthermia using heat generated from thermoge-nesis evoked by capsaicin, which can safely deliver a totally localized heating to target tissue. A healthy male volunteer was recruited, whose partial areas of the dorsum of hand and posterior aspect of forearm were smeared with 1% (w/w) capsaicin solution, to determine the increase of ther-mogenesis in human body. In addition, animal experiments on healthy Kunming (KM) mice (20-22g) were performed to test the feasibility and efficacy of capsaicin-induced thermal enhancement. These KM mice were first locally smeared with, subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injected of the same capsaicin solution, and then heated by near infrared laser. Preliminary experiments on the volunteer showed an effec-tive temperature increase in the skin area. Animal experi-ments indicated that distinct thermal enhancement in heat-ing effect, and that the thermal enhancement induced by intraperitoneal injection of capsaicin is more obvious than the other two ways. Thus capsaicin can be used as a poten-tial therapeutic adjuvant to locally enhance heating effects in target tissue during tumor hyperthermia.

Treatment planning based on numerical simula-tion before cryosurgery is an indispensable way to achieve exactly killing of tumors. Furthermore, intraoperative pre-diction based on monitoring results can lead to more accu-rate ablation. However, conventional serial program is diffi-cult to meet the challenge of real-time assistance with com-plex treatment plans. In this study, two parallel numerical algorithms, i.e. parallel explicit scheme and Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) scheme using the block pipelined method for parallelization, based on an effective heat capac-ity method are established to solve three-dimensional phase change problems in biological tissues subjected to multiple cryoprobes. The validation, speedups as well as efficiencies of parallelized computations of the both schemes were com-pared. It was shown that the parallel algorithms developed here can perform rapid prediction of temperature distribu-tion for cryosurgery, and that parallel computing is hopeful to assist cryosurgeons with prospective parallel treatment planning in the near future.