As one of the fundamental approaches of digital image processing, image segmentation is the premise of feature extraction and pattern recognition. This paper enumerates and reviews main image segmentation algorithms, then presents basic evaluation methods for them, and finally discusses the prospect of image segmentation. Some valuable characteristics of image segmentation come out based on a large number of comparative experiments.

This paper presents a new spline filter named approximating spline filter for surface metrology. The purpose is to provide a new approach of Gaussian filter and evaluate the characteristics of an engineering surface more accurately and comprehensively. First, the configuration of
approximating spline filter is investigated, which describes that this filter inherits all the merits of an ordinary spline filter e.g. no phase distortion and no end distortion. Then, the approximating coefficient selection is discussed, which specifies an important property of this filter-the convergence to Gaussian filter. The maximum approximation deviation between them can be controlled below 4.36% , moreover, be decreased to less than 1% when cascaded. Since extended to 2 dimensional (2D) filter, the transmission deviation yields within -0.63% : +1.48% . It is proved that the approximating spline filter not only achieves the transmission characteristic of Gaussian filter, but also alleviates the end effect on a data sequence. The whole computational procedure is illustrated and applied to a work piece to acquire mean line whereas a simulated surface to mean surface. These experimental results indicate that this filtering algorithm for 11200 profile points and 2000 × 2000 form data, only spends 8ms and 2.3s respectively.

This paper describes a novel 3 dimensional color measurement system. After 3 kinds of geometrical features are analyzed, the line features were selected. A calibration board with right-angled triangle outline was designed to improve the calibration precision. For this system, two algorithms are presented. One is the calibration algorithm between 2 dimensional laser range finder (2D LRF), while the other is for 2D LRF and the color camera. The result parameters were obtained through solving the constrain equations by the correspond data between the 2D LRF and other two sensors. The 3D color reconstruction experiments of real data prove the effectiveness and the efficient of the system and the algorithms.

In this paper we propose a color image segmentation algorithm based on perceptual color vision model. First, the original image is divide into image blocks which are not overlapped; then, the mean and variance of every image back was calculated in CIEL*a*b* color space, and the image blocks were divided into homogeneous color blocks and texture blocks by the variance of it. The initial seed regions are automatically selected depending on calculating the homogeneous color blocks' color difference in CIEL*a*b* color space and spatial information. The color contrast gradient of the texture blocks need to calculate and the edge information are stored for regional growing. The fuzzy region growing algorithm and coloredge detection to obtain a final segmentation map. The experimental segmentation results hold favorable consistency in terms of human perception, and confirm effectiveness of the algorithm.

This paper applies a neural-network-based approximate dynamic programming (ADP) method, namely, the action dependent heuristic dynamic programming (ADHDP), to an industrial sucrose crystallization optimal control problem. The industrial sucrose crystallization is a nonlinear and slow time-varying process. It is quite difficult to establish a precise mechanism model of the crystallization, because of complex internal mechanism and interacting variables. We developed a neural network model of the crystallization based on the data from the actual sugar boiling process of sugar refinery. The ADHDP is a learningand approximation-based approach which can solve the optimization control problem of nonlinear system. The paper covers the basic principle of this learning scheme and the design of neural network controller based on the approach. The result of simulation shows the controller based on action dependent heuristic dynamic programming approach can optimize industrial sucrose crystallization.

Color video images degraded in a deterministic way by motion-blurring can be restored by the new algorithm in real-time by using color components combination to fit to the limited transmission bandwidth. The image motion PSF of each surface of YUV422 image can be obtained based on the color space conversion model. The Y, U, V planes are packed to construct a 2 dimensional complex array. Through the decomposition of frequency domain, the Y, U, V frequency can be had respectively by performing Fourier transform a time on the specific complex array. The resulting frequencies will be filtered by Wiener filter to generate the final restored images. The proposed algorithm can restore 1024x1024 24-bit motionblurred color video images at 18 ms/frame speed on GPU, and the PSNR of the restored frame is 31.45. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm is 3X speed compared to the traditional algorithm, and it reduces the bandwidth of video data stream 1/3.

There are a large number of indirect schema mappings between peers in the network. To improve the efficiency of data exchange and queries, indirect mappings are needed to be composed. Direct mappings can be derived directly by the constraints defined between schemas, but not
for indirect mappings’ composition. Defined the combination operations of schema elements in indirect mappings, and gave the expression of indirect mappings. Analyzed the composition of indirect mappings, and proposed a strategy, named schema element back, to solve the problem of indirect mapping composition, and gave the indirect mapping composition generation algorithm based on such strategy. Experiments showed that indirect mapping composition can improve the efficiency of data exchange, and compared with other non-full mapping composition generation algorithms, and indirect mapping composition generated by our algorithm based on schema element back strategy can completely eliminate the infection of media schema with no reduction of the composition efficiency.

In order to improve the invisibility and the robustness of semi-fragile watermarking, the paper first brings up the idea which embedding watermark based on the attacks’ characteristic, brings forward the region segmentation operator and the image-segmentation embedding method, puts forward the characteristic and its representation in DWT transform domain based on visual features model, and brings forward the quantized central limit theorem which applies to adjusting the coefficients in general transform domain. These all make semi-fragile watermarking embedded through dynamic quantization achieve the greatest robustness. It gives wavelet transform domain coefficient redressal operator and the best restoration probability of the pixel value adjusting in experiments when the images were under attack. It leads up to a better invisibility of carrier image, a better robustness to the image processing, such as JPEG compression, noise adding, filtering, and the larger amount of embedded information. What’s more, it can ascertain the position of vicious attack exactly.