Standard representations support sharing assessment items and learning objects among learning environments. Different standards have been developed to provide interoperability-based descriptions for all learning aspects. Designing assessment items or questions using standard representations became a key point in learning/teaching domain. This paper proposes an environment for authoring assessment items using a combination of standards linked together to align the produced questions. The environment consists of a set of tools. The first tool is dedicated for building question body using IMS (Innovation, Adoption, and Learning) QTI (Question and Test Interoperability) standards. An extension to IMS QTI was designed to represent question Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs), difficulty degree, assessed concepts, and target groups. The second tool manipulates competency definitions bank which is used in representing assessment item ILOs. The third tool deals with target groups to whom question will be delivered.

Cuckoo Search (CS) is a new met heuristic algorithm. It is being used for solving optimization problem. It was developed in 2009 by Xin- She Yang and Susah Deb. Uniqueness of this algorithm is the obligatory brood parasitism behavior of some cuckoo species along with the Levy Flight behavior of some birds and fruit flies. Cuckoo Hashing to Modified CS have also been discussed in this paper. CS is also validated using some test functions. After that CS performance is compared with those of GAs and PSO. It has been shown that CS is superior with respect to GAs and PSO. At last, the effect of the experimental results are discussed and proposed for future research.

In Project management, team’s motivation is one of the most important factors in the success of a project. Project Managersmanage the whole project by assuring that all the members are performing the duties they are assigned. Emotional Intelligence is the ability to identify the attitude of a team member towards a project. In developing countrieslack of emotional intelligence factors may cost people their jobs. In this paper conflict management, technical management, interest development and stress management problems are discussed with reference to developing countries and an efficient approach to resolve these issues is also proposed. Therefore project managers should raise their EI (emotional intelligence) and also help members to raise their EI. This paper explores the related work in EI, and then finds the useful Emotional Intelligence factors which are appropriate for the project manager. Then this paper also determinesa framework which is useful for project managers.

This article describes a method of creating rankings in sport (medal tables). First, the countries are pairwise compared by area of the feasible points for which they are better. These feasible points correspond to gold, silver and bronze medals. After pairwise comparison we use the method of league table to rank the countries.

As web is expanding day by day and people generally rely on web for communication so e-mails are the fastest way to send information from one place to another. Now a day’s all the transactions all the communication whether general or of business taking place through e-mails. E-mail is an effective tool for communication as it saves a lot of time and cost. But e-mails are also affected by attacks which include Spam Mails. Spam is the use of electronic messaging systems to send bulk data. Spam is flooding the Internet with many copies of the same message, in an attempt to force the message on people who would not otherwise choose to receive it. In this study, we analyze various data mining approach to spam dataset in order to find out the best classifier for email classification. In this paper we analyze the performance of various classifiers with feature selection algorithm and without feature selection algorithm. Initially we experiment with the entire dataset without selecting the features and apply classifiers one by one and check the results. Then we apply Best-First feature selection algorithm in order to select the desired features and then apply various classifiers for classification. In this study it has been found that results are improved in terms of accuracy when we embed feature selection process in the experiment. Finally we found Random Tree as best classifier for spam mail classification with accuracy = 99.72%. Still none of the algorithm achieves 100% accuracy in classifying spam emails but Random Tree is very nearby to that.

Eddy current testing (one of the non-destructive testing-NDT) is used to investigate heat exchanger tubes and detecting any possible faults in these tubes. Main aims of this paper determine the optimum design of a probe in order to improve sensitivity and inspection system performance. Firstly, this paper presents equations related to designing and characteristics of the probe to investigate sample tubes. Then, optimum design is presented in order to reach the highest signal to noise ratio (SNR) and sensitivity (S) using Bees Algorithm-BA. Finally, eddy current testing is performed for optimum probe using finite element analysis (FEA).

Recently, (PDDRA) a Pre-fetching based dynamic data replication algorithm has been published. In our previous work, modifications to the algorithm have been suggested to minimize the delay in data replication. In this paper a mathematical framework is presented to evaluate mean waiting time before data can be replicated on the requested site. The idea is further investigated and simulation results are presented to estimate the throughput and average delay.

The growing need of trained human capital for economic empowerment and growth has increased the trend of vocational training through e-learning, worldwide. It serves as a major source of training professionals, technicians, skilled workers and students who are unable to carryout formal college education due to time, cost and distance. In this paper we have discussed several cases from literature that made use of e-learning based vocational education and training. Later we have proposed a collaborative framework for vocational education and training using e-learning on the basis of findings from the literature. The framework has been practically implemented in a real world case study and findings revealed that factors like student-student and student-teacher collaboration, individual assessment of students, availability of adequate support material aid in enhancing students’ performance and learning outcomes.